Open Ultrasound Lab

Errata

Corrections and known issues, newest first. Each entry names the version it applies to. To report a new error, use the "Report an error" link on any module page or open an issue.

Version 1.0 · 2026-10-16

First public release

Initial release: 33 modules in five parts, formula sheet, interview collection and MATLAB/Octave scripts. Modules 31, 32 and 33 have had an independent audit (wrong and imprecise items were fixed before release); the other modules have not yet been audited and may contain errors.

Known gap: modules 15–22 (hardware and regulatory) were not yet audited at release. Treat quoted standards limits and regulatory statements there as unverified.

Modules audited so far: 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33. Remaining modules are queued for the same audit.

Flagged as unverified (58)

Claims the audit could not confirm against an accessible source. They may well be correct; treat them with extra care and tell us if you can confirm or refute one.

  1. Module ? · Auditor
    Module
    Unverifiable; Fixes re-verified (AUDIT_REPORT.md)
  2. Module 03 · 03.8
    Demo 03.7 foot: "noise 0.10, no eps separates the close pair cleanly"
    disputed; left (AUDIT_m3.md)
  3. Module 03 · 03.16
    Go-deeper list (Oppenheim-Schafer 3rd ed. 2010, OWN 2nd ed. 1997, Lyons, Bracewell 3rd ed., Wiener 1949, Jensen 1992)
    unverifiable; none (AUDIT_m3.md)
  4. Module 04 · 04.15
    Harris 1978: Fig 13 (rect), Fig 17 (cos^2), Figs 57-59, Table I values
    unverifiable; none (AUDIT_m4.md)
  5. Module 04 · 04.16
    Go-deeper references (Vaughan et al. 1991, Kaiser-Schafer 1980, Walker-Trahey 1998, Montaldo 2009, Demene 2015, books)
    unverifiable; none (AUDIT_m4.md)
  6. Module 04 · 04.2
    Verasonics NS200BW 4-samples-per-wavelength mode
    unverifiable; none (AUDIT_m4.md)
  7. Module 05 · 05.15
    Journal details for the four literature entries
    unverifiable; none (AUDIT_m5.md)
  8. Module 06 · 06.13
    Baranger 2018 Figs 1-4; Errico 2015 Ext. Data Fig 1, Fig 2 content
    unverifiable; none (AUDIT_m6.md)
  9. Module 07 · 07.13
    Lediju 2011 Fig. 1 / Fig. 10 (Q = 10.4/20.8/31.2%); Dahl 2011 Fig. 6 / Fig. 8
    unverifiable; none (AUDIT_m7.md)
  10. Module 09 · 09.7
    Definition (09.11) attributed to Bjaerum, Torp and Kristoffersen (2002)
    unverifiable; none (AUDIT_m9.md)
  11. Module 10 · 10.14
    Chun et al. licence "CC BY 4.0"
    disputed; text left (AUDIT_m10.md)
  12. Module 11 · 11.13
    Lit: Heiles et al. 2022 Figs. 4–5; Errico et al. 2015 Figs. 1–2
    unverifiable; none (AUDIT_m11.md)
  13. Module 12 · 12.14
    Lit: Errico 2015 Fig. 2; Hingot 2019 Figs. 2 and 5; Demené 2021 Fig. 2; Shin 2024 Fig. 2b
    unverifiable; none (AUDIT_m12.md)
  14. Module 13 · 13.7 note
    ρ=0.1 converges in ~1000 it; ρ=2 1 % off after 3000
    unverifiable (AUDIT_m13.md)
  15. Module 15 · 15.7, pitfall, R17
    Pulser-asymmetry floor −30 to −40 dB
    unverifiable; left unchanged (AUDIT_m15.md)
  16. Module 15 · R6
    "Shear attenuation in bone is several times the longitudinal one"
    unverifiable; left unchanged (AUDIT_m15.md)
  17. Module 15
    Same, "CT-derived" heterogeneous medium
    unverifiable; left unchanged (AUDIT_m15.md)
  18. Module 16 · 16.3 table
    PIN-PMN-PT ε^S/ε₀ 850–950
    disputed; left unchanged (AUDIT_m16.md)
  19. Module 17 · 17.3
    Souquet (2Z_pZ_L²)^{1/3} from an equal-Q criterion
    disputed; left unchanged (AUDIT_m17.md)
  20. Module 17 · 17.4 table
    Alumina/epoxy nanocomposites 2.8–5.1 MRayl, ≈ 15 dB/mm at 40 MHz
    unverifiable; left (AUDIT_m17.md)
  21. Module 18 · 18.2, rule card, lit. entry
    Bayram 2003: 140 V / 68 V, 50 µm radius, 1 µm gap; "0.7 at about 60 % of collapse voltage"
    unverifiable; disputed, left unchanged (AUDIT_m18.md)
  22. Module 18 · 18.3, I5
    Bayram 2007: −17 dB first neighbour, −39 dB collapse, A0/S0 23/48 dB lower
    unverifiable (no web budget); left (AUDIT_m18.md)
  23. Module 18 · Demo 18.3, lit.
    Oralkan 2002: 96 % at 4.59 MHz, 105 % compensated, 80 % wire
    unverifiable (figure-level); left (AUDIT_m18.md)
  24. Module 18 · JS
    AlN E 390 GPa, ScAlN E 200 GPa in demo
    unverifiable / disputed; disputed, left (AUDIT_m18.md)
  25. Module 19 · 19.7
    Chen et al. 32×32, 96 subarray beamformers
    unverifiable here; left (AUDIT_m19.md)
  26. Module 19 · 19.10 PMUT
    "Both CMUT-on-CMOS and PMUT-on-CMOS have reached commercial handheld 2D-array probes"
    disputed (CMUT-on-CMOS 2D: yes; PMUT-on-CMOS true 2D-steered array not confirmed); left unchanged (AUDIT_m19.md)
  27. Module 20 · 20.5 US link, jitter rule, I5
    A shared-clock jitter "is not averaged by the beamformer"
    disputed, unchanged; none (disputed) (AUDIT_m20.md)
  28. Module 21 · 21.4, card
    Demo 21.4 numbers (FD2 widens focus ~10 %, moves 1–2 mm; wavy fat −6 dB)
    unverifiable here; left (AUDIT_m21.md)
  29. Module 21 · 21.2 pitfall
    Field II user guide "≈100 MHz sampling"
    unverifiable; left (AUDIT_m21.md)
  30. Module 21 · 21.7
    IEC 62359 newer edition title adds "and acoustic intensities"
    disputed; left unchanged (AUDIT_m21.md)
  31. Module 22 · 22.5 note, rule 11 limits, m22_ti_estimates.m
    C_TIB = 50 mW/cm in TIB = √(P_α I_ta,α)/C_TIB; alternative W_α/4.4 mW
    unverifiable; kept the module's explicit flag; no change (AUDIT_m22.md)
  32. Module 22 · 22.7
    IEC 60601-2-37:2007 surface-temperature limits 43 °C (TMM) / 50 °C (still air)
    unverifiable (secondary); none (flag retained) (AUDIT_m22.md)
  33. Module 22 · z_MI uses f_awf "at the position of spatial-peak temporal-peak pressure (IEC 62127-1)"; Fig. 22.A caption "at the position of the p_r peak"
    R19
    unverifiable / slightly inconsistent; none (disputed wording) (AUDIT_m22.md)
  34. Module 22 · "Health Canada guidance" listed as a public source for C_TIS, C_TIC, z_bp
    R20
    unverifiable; none (suggest adding the reference or dropping the name) (AUDIT_m22.md)
  35. Module 22 · Nowicki 2020 Eqs. (4)–(7), (10); O'Brien 2007 Figs. 13–14; litfig header "checked against the cited documents"
    R21
    unverifiable this session; none; header claim rests on the original author (AUDIT_m22.md)
  36. Module 22 · C_TIB = 50 mW/cm; IEC 60601-2-37 surface temperatures 43/50 °C (2007) and 2024 revision
    R22
    unverifiable (flag retained); none (AUDIT_m22.md)
  37. Module 23 · eq 23.19 note
    ghost -25 dB at 1.19 mm
    unverifiable here (AUDIT_m23.md)
  38. Module 24 · 24.13
    Cheng & Lu (2006) Figs. 7, 8, 13, 14
    unverifiable (AUDIT_m24.md)
  39. Module 25 · 25.14
    Literature figure numbers (Lediju 2011 Figs 1/7/10, Bell 2015 Figs 7/9/10, Matrone Figs 3/6/7/8, gCNR Fig 1, 7–9)
    unverifiable; left (AUDIT_m25.md)
  40. Module 25 · 25.5 table
    "default depth range gives 85 000–495 000 predictors per fit"
    unverifiable; left (AUDIT_m25.md)
  41. Module 26 · 26.14
    Specific figure numbers (gCNR Fig. 1 S-DAS, Figs. 4,5,7–9; PICMUS Figs. 2,3; Oelze Fig. 3)
    unverifiable; left (AUDIT_m26.md)
  42. Module 27 · (27.22)
    γ_w = 0.93 (rect), 1.75 (Hann) bin-correlation factors
    unverifiable (Monte Carlo constants); left (AUDIT_m27.md)
  43. Module 27 · 27.5 US link
    Clinical attenuation values (liver, CAP cutoffs)
    unverifiable/absent; none (AUDIT_m27.md)
  44. Module 28 · 28.15
    de Jong 2007: ~40 % of 101 bubbles; Hingot Fig. 1 details
    unverifiable (AUDIT_m28.md)
  45. Module 29 · 29.15
    Figure numbers in 29.15 (Jensen 2016 Figs. 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9; Macé Figs. 1, 2)
    unverifiable; left (AUDIT_m29.md)
  46. Module 30 · Go deeper
    Deffieux 2011 TUFFC 58(10) 2032–2035; Kijanka & Urban 2019; Bernal 2011; Rouze 2010; Torr 1984
    unverifiable (not fetched) (AUDIT_m30.md)
  47. Module 30 · 30.4
    "directional filtering was first developed for MRE"
    unverifiable (AUDIT_m30.md)
  48. Module 31 · 31.3
    "In Demo 31.1 with only four bubbles and no clutter, every missed bubble had a neighbour within 1.5 FWHM"
    unverifiable (demo has no clutter-off control); replaced by the Octave fact: 35 % of detected bubbles are isolated beyond 1.5 FWHM (AUDIT_m31.md)
  49. Module 31 · 31.6 note
    C = 200 /µL "the concentration Hingot et al. report"
    unverifiable (plausible); left (AUDIT_m31.md)
  50. Module 31 · 31.6 note, rule 15, literature
    Hingot 2021 TMI: FRC adapted to ULM, five datasets, 2σ and half-bit, 11–34 µm resolution for 11–15 µm precision, √(δ_loc² + δ_Nyq²), > 1 min for 10 µm sampling
    unverifiable in detail; left; flagged for a human (AUDIT_m31.md)
  51. Module 31 · 31.7, literature (Fig. 3)
    Demené 2021: separated systolic from diastolic flow
    unverifiable; left (AUDIT_m31.md)
  52. Module 31 · 31.7, rule 18, literature
    Renaudin 2022: 5 s windows, 1 s step, 20 repetitions, 100 s per image, 1000 fps, +49 % intraparenchymal
    unverifiable; left; flagged (AUDIT_m31.md)
  53. Module 31 · literature
    Errico Fig. 1–3 contents
    unverifiable; left (AUDIT_m31.md)
  54. Module 32 · 32.1, card G1, cheat sheet, demo 32.6 targets
    Imbault 2017: speeds 1492–1604 m/s, PDFF 2–17 %, cut-offs 1541 (PDFF 5 %) and 1555 m/s (biopsy 10 %)
    unverifiable; none; see §3 (AUDIT_m32.md)
  55. Module 32 · demo foot
    Demo 32.2 foot: lesion case liver ≈ 1564 ± 0.7
    unverifiable here (JS, seed dependent) (AUDIT_m32.md)
  56. Module 32 · litfig 1
    Litfig 1: rows = old model, CMA model, new model; columns = four a priori speeds
    unverifiable (figure layout) (AUDIT_m32.md)
  57. Module 32 · demo foot, rule 14
    Demo 32.5 foot: lag 8 converges, lag 16 / 10 MHz stalls; grid minimum ≈ 2 m/s from true fat speed
    unverifiable here (interactive) (AUDIT_m32.md)
  58. Module 33 · 33.7, Lit
    "their Supplementary Fig. 2" shows patches and laws
    unverifiable; figure number removed; text says guide stars, patch by patch (AUDIT_m33.md)